Choosing target for W and WfBO

A wedge in general is probably the single easiest setup to swing trade. This is because you have a dependable target for a W reversal. In general, a W reversal will attempt to reverse the entire wedge move. If the Wedge reverses the move in one leg, you can expect an additional measured move in the
same direction.

However, if the W approaches the start of the W move in multiple legs, especially three legs, its usually prudent to exit and look for fresh trades.

For example, the W35,51,61 was an extremely strong signal and should be expected to reverse the move all the way to b25 high. Therefore the high of b27 and perhaps a tick or two above are reasonable targets.

Since the move up was possibly more than one leg (two bear bars b62,69 make it a mW). The prudent thing to do is to exit. Occasionally such as today, when the move is strong enough to that the move up essentially acts like 1 leg (b62 and b69 only ticked 1t below) to continue the move up an additional size of the W.

Wierd old trick for estimating targets

One of the most challenging and error-prone tasks a swing trader needs to perform is to estimate his target. Over-estimation forces you to give up a lot of your gains waiting for your magic number to hit. Under-estimation is slightly better since you can always look for a fresh entry.

For strongly trending days, this is a fairly easy task. On most strong days, you can often swing till the end of the day.

At the very least, you can swing till you meet a sustained trendline break and then exit near the prior high.

For example today we had a very strong trend move up from b5. The sustained trendline break b45-57 was obvious even without drawing a trendline. Therefore, the trader should expect to exit near the prior high (b63H).

Trading range days are harder and your ability to judge the moves are far more important since the trend break is likely to break all the way and take out the other end of the day. One trick is to use the observation that trading range days are usually proportional in range to the first bar of the day. If b1 is 2 points then the daily range could be expected to be around 10 points. Therefore you can simply exit when the range comes close to the expected boundary. For example, today's b1 was 2.25 points. Since the low of the day was at 1317.25, you should expect the high of the day to be around 1317.25 + 2.25*5 = 1328.50, which was indeed the actual high of the day.

Note that this is a guideline and not some magic formula that is infallible. Very large and very small first bars are obvious exceptions to this rule. Even so, you should always exit a partial position when you have a decent profit and your swing stop is very far.

Channel risks

A large gap up or down often does not result in a steep trend but rather in a shallow sloping channel. Of course, all moves can be contained in a generic parallel trend and trend channel lines and be called a channel but for the purposes of this post, a channel is a specific type of price action that represents a very hard to trade move.

A channel can be easily distinguished from a trend by the following characteristics:


In a channel, most with-trend bars overlap each other. In a trend most bars don't.
Compare the leg from b7 down to b12 vs the leg up from b47 to b50. Notice the almost complete overlap of bars in the former.

Most bars in a channel have tails on one of both ends.
A strong trend should be made of trend bars, at least in the trend direction. Notice the strong closes on the up legs b47050 and b68-72.


Channels are highly likely to take out fixed stops and breakeven stops.
Shorts below b7 were triggered and unless they had a large stop of at least two points or more, were probably stopped out. Strong signal bars at b14 and b18 had their breakeven stops taken out. Such price action can make it hard to catch a swing using the normal trade management style.


Channels can reverse on the most unlikely bars.
This makes channels very dangerous to trade. For example, today the channel reversed on b31, which was a bull doji not unlike b9,16,27 before it.

The only way to trade channels is to get in early trail behind every new swing point (b14,18,23,28 for b7 shorts). Channels can reverse at anytime and channel in the opposite direction and that makes taking a potential early reversal (say within the first hour or two) potentially a day long swing.

Correctly reading a breakout test

Price action can be arbitrarily defined a set of breakouts and breakout failures. There are breakouts beyond bars, swings, high and low of the prior and current day, the trendline and popular indicator values such as emas, collectively called barriers.

Breakouts in a trend in the direction of the trend are likely to succeed until the trend breaks. Breakouts in a trading range are likely to fail until a trend is birthed. This is true for any barrier, but some are easier to see and more reliable than others.

For example, the three push pullback (b24-44) after a strong move up (b15-23) gave an attempt to BO into a trend at b45. The market tried to reverse this breakout but found buyers exactly at the old entry price (b57). Such a setup is called a breakout test (BT).

BT can also occur at the breakout of swing points such as b17 testing the BO above b12. This is possibly also a BT of the ema.

A breakout test is one of the few places where a doji signal bar should be considered strong as long as its close is near the entry and not overlapped (i.e, it can be treated as a 2BR).

The way to anticipate a BT is to note any strong BO bar and if necessary mark its breakout points. For the BO bar(s) b15,16 since there was no buy signal bar, there is only one breakout point, the swing high of b12. For the breakout bar b45, both the swing point b40H and signal bar b44H are BT points. Limit traders can simply place a limit order to enter at this price with a 3t or 4t stop. Stop entry traders should enter on the breakout of the bar that touches but does not dip below the breakout point. Missing the breakout point by a tick or two is preferable to a pullback beyond it.

Once a trend is established, it does not make sense to call every pullback a BT since a trend is expected to continue, its just a regular pullback and not anything special. That is, there is no point in calling b71 a BT since its basically just a 2L pb in a trend.

Note that a trend can develop without any breakout tests and therefore BT are not a requirement for trending price action.

Reversing your postion on a loss

One of the prevalent causes of overtrading is reversing every time a trader gets stopped out. Many traders fall into this trap because they only pay attention to bars and have no choice but to flip on anything that may look like a reversal bar.  For example, if a trader shorted b29 as two legs up in a bear and then on b32 he may interpret that the trend may have flipped and buys b32 and then sells b34 and so on.


The second reason traders fall for this is that have heard that a failure is a strong signal and a failed failure is an even stronger signal and two failures in the same direction are extremely strong etc. Therefore if a trader sold b34 as a W24,29,34 he may see b37 as two pushes down and reverse to long. The chop in this area may end up being read as fL2 or fH2 or any number of things causing him to interpret a new direction with every bar.

The real problem here is that the trader is focusing on a micro level. A trader always needs to keep in mind if the market is trending (b1-b17) or chopping around (b25-b45), breaking out and failing (b46-53) or breaking out and continuing (b56-70). Being aware of the nine transitions reduces directional error.

Reversing very often is rooted in the fear of missing an impending very large move. This symptom also suggests that a trader's sense of market direction is undeveloped. This can be combated by realizing that if you are stopped out twice near the same price area, you are probably in chop and your entry is effectively trying to predict a breakout. Predicting breakouts is one of the hardest things to do in trading, whereas waiting for a breakout to occur and jumping on the first pullback is far easier.

My way of avoiding falling into this trap is to assume that if my trade fails, the market probably in a chop and except in the first hour, I will avoid re-entering until the price moves away from the area. For example, if I read b34 as a W and sold it, I will not trade until price moves away from b34, i.e. until b49.

There are two exceptions to this rule. If an opposing trade fails twice, I may consider entering again in the same direction. For example, I was stopped out of my trade on b17 long, b20 setup a short and failed twice when b25 triggered. This should only be done if you are expecting a very large move.

In the first hour if the stop out was due to a fixed stop and not a theoretical stop, I will usually re-enter. For example, if I shorted b1 and my 6t stop was taken out, then the trade hasn't theoretically failed until b2 high is taken out. I will enter on b6 even though the price hasn't moved away from my losing trade.

Remember that there are one or two and occasionally three good swings a day. Focus on capturing a decent portion of those. This ensures a very high risk to reward ratio and eventually a very high win to loss ratio.

Adding to a losing position

Among all the trading sins, none is venial as adding to a losing position for a better average price. On trading range days, adding-on may work eventually although a trader would end up trading way beyond his comfort level before he sees a price better than his average price. On many days, he may only get away with a scratch.

On trend days such as today, counter-trend traders are likely to get killed if they add on anytime the trade moves against them. For example, a trader may short b10 as a first attempt to reverse (which is profitable on many days), but when the trade moves against him, instead of letting the market stop him out, he may decide to move the stop way up and add on where he would be stopped out or on the next signal.

The psychological issue at hand is the desire to pick the exact high or low of the move to get the best possible price. This combined with a wrong sense of direction will destroy the trader's account rapidly.

The way to deal with this issue is to resolve to never trade reversals. A trader should always wait for the reversal to succeed and establish a successful trend in the opposite direction and enter on its first pullback. Unless a reversal is obvious, it is likely to fail.

On a day such as today, a trader looking to short would do much better if he waited for the short trend (b41-47) to establish and then enter on b50 than to short every bear bar on the way up from b1 trying to pick the exact turn.

Letting a winner turn into a loser

Greed, fear and hope are the terrible curses that afflict traders. Hope can be eliminated with clear fixed stops. Greed and fear need to be balanced against each other and will never really go away.

Not every trade will be a winner and for a lot of traders, taking a first profit greatly improves their equity curve.  This is especially true for reversals and attempted breakouts out of a trading range since these setups fail routinely.

For example, traders expecting an imminent reversal of the trading range (since b38 was a 2L LH after a trendline break -- a major reversal setup) will often hold all-in and will refuse to take a profit. Such traders may even keep their stop above the signal bar until an additional LH is formed. Those traders would have lost today. A trader that took an early profit on the other hand, was a small winner even though both were wrong about the overall market direction.

If a trader sold b38, he is best served by taking a profit when he is right and moving the stop to breakeven when his target is filled. If the market moves against him twice, i.e., ticks beyond a bar twice against his trade (above b48), he would need to exit if he has not been filled. If he was filled, he should move his stop to breakeven on the balance of his position.

A trader who sold b23 today as the first pullback after a W made a profit of 4 pts. He should keep his stop on any runners at breakeven. Keeping the stop above the signal bar or worse, above a prior swing is a symptom of hope and not objectivity. No matter how obvious the reversal at b12 and the first LH at b23 may look, the trade can always fail and its best to let it stop you out and look for a fresh trade.

Even in a very strong high momentum trend, you are usually better off taking an early profit. This is because if you entered early in the move, the chances of a sustained trend are unknown and if you enter late, the chances of a trend reversing or going into a deep pullback stopping you out are always existing risk factors.

Small or no gap

When the gap between the last bar of the prior day and the first bar of the current day is very small (overlapped or less than recent bar), You can treat current day's price action as an extension of the prior day's price action, at least for the first hour or so.

Therefore, when a small reversal bar forms at the trendline from yesterday's down channel, its usually an acceptable trade, even on the first attempt as long as the signal bar is not weak (doji or overlapped). If you take it as a setup, you should expect it to take out the last swing from the prior day.

As the day progresses, a newer clearer trendline will form (b2,18) and will take precedence over prior day's action. Future trades should be evaluated using the recent price action of current day.

Channel Risks

Shallow sloped, wide channels are very hard to trade, primarily because they don't always obey many price action rules regarding trends. For instance, a bear trend is defined as a move with lower lows and lower highs. This implies that when a counter-trend move takes out a swing point, the trend may have terminated. Shallow sloped trends routinely take out swing points and continue in the direction of the original trend (b33, b61).

Second attempts can fail (b31) while first attempts succeed (b52,69) and stops need to be larger than 6t (b63). Apparent wedge reversals can fail (b21,58) . The price will often not touch a trendline or ema before making a continuation move (b17,52) causing traders to miss a lot of entries. Stops beyond swing points are routinely stopped out (b33,61) making it very hard to swing even if you do get in at the right price.

While all this looks like chop, its a very strong trend on a higher timeframe.
The chart on the left shows the current day's 30m chart. Its obviously a very strong bear channel and the entire day had only one bull bar. What looked like strong bull moves on the 5m chart were only up-tails on the 30m chart.

A move above a swing point, which would be trend break in a normal chart is only a poke above a prior bar and is effectively a 1CBO type continuation setup.

The trendline itself has remained true and has never been broken the entire day. A channel remains in effect until a counter-trend move results a sustained trendline break.

The way to enter trades on days like this are no different from any other day. The best entries are two or three legged moves to the trendline or ema (b34, 63).  Since counter-trend swings are huge, you should simply exit on the second or third push in the direction of your trade (b49 or b55) and wait for a new setup. The single most important rule regarding shallow wide channels is to never trade counter-trend until the shallowest trendline (b1-b9) is broken.